@font-face {
  font-family: "Manrope";
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url("fonts/manrope-latin-400-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "Manrope";
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url("fonts/manrope-latin-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono";
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-display: swap;
  src: url("fonts/ibm-plex-mono-latin-500-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
}

:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --field: #f3f5f4;
  --ink: #19282d;
  --muted: #54656b;
  --rule: #c6d0d2;
  --accent: #315aa0;
  --focus-ring: var(--accent);
  --display: "Manrope", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --body: "Manrope", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --reading: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --utility: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  --measure: 74rem;
  --page-gutter: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3rem);
}

/* Instrument: publication and research surfaces share one restrained grid. */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { background: var(--field); font-size: 100%; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  min-height: 100vh;
  background: var(--field);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--body);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img, svg { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: 0.25em; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
button, input { font: inherit; }
button, a { touch-action: manipulation; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus-ring); outline-offset: 5px; }
main:focus { outline: none; }
::selection { background: var(--accent); color: var(--field); }
h1, h2, h3, p { margin: 0; }
h1, h2, h3 { font-family: var(--display); font-weight: 400; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 5vw, 4.5rem); line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -0.045em; max-width: 18ch; }
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: -0.025em; }
h3 { font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: -0.025em; }
p { max-width: 68ch; }
p + p { margin-top: 1.2rem; }
h1, h2, h3, p, a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.visually-hidden { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; z-index: 20; top: 0.75rem; left: 0.75rem; padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem; background: var(--ink); color: var(--field); transform: translateY(-180%); }
.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }
.site-header, main, .site-footer { width: min(calc(100% - 2 * var(--page-gutter)), var(--measure)); margin-inline: auto; }
.site-header { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; min-height: 6.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.wordmark { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.7rem; font-family: var(--display); font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.04em; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.wordmark__sigil { width: auto; height: 2.25rem; flex: none; }
.site-header nav ul { display: flex; gap: 2rem; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.site-header nav a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; position: relative; font-family: var(--utility); font-size: 0.75rem; text-decoration: none; }
.site-header nav a[aria-current="page"]::after { content: ""; position: absolute; bottom: 0; inset-inline: 0; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent); }
.menu-toggle { display: none; min-height: 44px; padding: 0.5rem 0.8rem; border: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--field); color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--utility); font-size: 0.75rem; cursor: pointer; }
main { min-height: 65vh; padding-block: 3.5rem 4rem; }
.signal-surface { background: var(--field); }
.signal-surface > p { color: var(--muted); }
.signal-surface > h1 + p { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.signal-surface + .signal-surface { margin-top: 2.75rem; }
.eyebrow, .publication-meta, .section-heading, .action-link, .essay-index__eyebrow, .essay-reader__date, .editorial-row__status { font-family: var(--utility); font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.75rem; letter-spacing: 0.045em; }
.eyebrow { color: var(--accent) !important; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.action-link { display: inline-flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent); }
.action-link:hover { border-bottom-width: 2px; }
.page--home main { padding-top: 0; }
.home-hero { padding-block: 3.5rem 0.75rem; }
.home-hero h1 { max-width: 19ch; font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 5.2vw, 4.6rem); }
.home-hero h1 span { color: var(--accent); }
.home-hero__positioning { max-width: 39rem; margin-top: 1.5rem; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.home-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem 2rem; margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.writing-selection, .research-directions, .home-invitation, .contact-section, .research-program, .lab-direction { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 1.75rem; }
.section-heading { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.section-heading h2 { font: inherit; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.07em; }
.section-heading a, .section-heading p { font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--muted); }
.featured-writing { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 8rem minmax(0, 1fr) 14rem; gap: 2rem; padding-block: 0.5rem 2rem; }
.featured-writing--standalone { grid-template-columns: 8rem minmax(0, 1fr); }
.publication-meta { color: var(--muted); text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 1.9; }
.publication-meta time { display: block; }
.featured-writing h3 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.1vw, 2.8rem); line-height: 1.15; }
.featured-writing h3 a, .publication-row h3 a { text-decoration: none; }
.featured-writing h3 a:hover, .publication-row h3 a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.featured-writing h3 + p, .publication-row h3 + p { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 1rem; }
.featured-writing .action-link { margin-top: 1rem; }
.research-note { border-top: 2px solid var(--accent); padding-top: 1rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.8rem; }
.research-note a { display: inline-block; margin-top: 1rem; }
.research-note .eyebrow { font-size: 0.65rem; }
.publication-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 8rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem; padding-block: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.publication-row h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.publication-row p:not(.publication-meta) { font-size: 0.9rem; }
.direction-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.direction-grid article { padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); border-left: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.direction-grid article:first-child { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
.direction-grid .eyebrow { font-size: 0.65rem; }
.direction-grid p:not(.eyebrow) { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--muted); margin-block: 1rem; }
.direction-grid a { font-size: 0.85rem; display: inline-block; padding-block: 0.5rem; }
.home-invitation { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr; gap: 3rem; }
.home-invitation p { color: var(--muted); }
.home-invitation .action-link { margin-top: 1rem; }
.research-program, .lab-direction { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr; gap: 3rem; }
.research-program p, .lab-direction p { color: var(--muted); }
.research-program li { margin-block: 0.75rem; }
.research-program .action-link, .lab-direction .action-link { margin-top: 1rem; }
.editorial-row ul { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; }
.editorial-row li { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-block: 1.75rem; }
.editorial-row li > a { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: -0.025em; }
.editorial-row__status { display: block; color: var(--muted); margin-block: 0.75rem; }
.editorial-row li > p { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.95rem; }
.contact-section > h2 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.contact-groups { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 2rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
.contact-groups h3 { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.contact-groups p { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--muted); }
.site-footer { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem 2rem; padding-block: 1.75rem 2.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); font-family: var(--utility); font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--muted); }
.site-footer p { margin: 0; }
.site-footer nav { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; }
/* The document, not a fixed-height viewport, owns essay scrolling. */
.essay-reader { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 11rem minmax(0, 45rem); justify-content: center; gap: 3.5rem; background: var(--field); }
.essay-reader__article { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; min-width: 0; overflow: visible; }

.essay-index { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; min-width: 0; padding-top: 0.25rem; }
.essay-index__eyebrow, .essay-reader__date { color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.essay-index ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.essay-index li { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.essay-index a { display: grid; gap: 0.65rem; padding-block: 1rem; min-height: 44px; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.5; text-decoration: none; }
.essay-index a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.essay-index a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--accent); }
.essay-index time { color: var(--muted); font-family: var(--utility); font-size: 0.65rem; }
.essay-back { display: inline-block; font-family: var(--utility); font-size: 0.75rem; min-height: 44px; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.essay-reader__article h1 { max-width: 16ch; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 4.7vw, 4.4rem); }
.essay-reader__article [itemprop="articleBody"] { font-family: var(--reading); font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.essay-reader__article h2 { margin-block: 3rem 1.25rem; font-size: 2rem; }
.essay-reader__article h3 { margin-block: 2rem 1rem; }
.essay-reader__article p + p { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.essay-reader__article li { margin-block: 0.5rem; }
.essay-reader__article a { color: var(--accent); }
.essay-reader__article pre, .essay-reader__article eqn, .essay-reader__article .katex-display { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; }
.essay-reader__article pre { padding: 1rem; border: 1px solid var(--rule); font-family: var(--utility); font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.essay-reader__article eqn { display: block; padding-block: 0.5rem; }
.essay-reader__article blockquote { margin-inline: 0; border-left: 2px solid var(--accent); padding-left: 1.5rem; }
.essay-end { margin-top: 3rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.essay-end p { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.85rem; }
.essay-end a { display: inline-block; margin-top: 1rem; font-family: var(--utility); font-size: 0.75rem; }
@media (max-width: 60rem) {
  .featured-writing { grid-template-columns: 7rem minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .research-note { display: none; }
  .essay-reader { grid-template-columns: 9rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
  .site-header nav ul { gap: 1.25rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 47.5rem) {
  .essay-reader { display: block; }
  .essay-index { margin-top: 3rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .essay-reader__article h1 { font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 8vw, 3.5rem); }
  .essay-reader__article [itemprop="articleBody"] { font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.8; }
}
@media (max-width: 40rem) {
  .site-header { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem 1rem; min-height: 0; padding-block: 1rem; }
  .wordmark { font-size: 1.2rem; }
  .wordmark__sigil { height: 2rem; }
  .site-header nav { flex-basis: 100%; }
  .site-header nav ul { justify-content: space-between; gap: 0.5rem; }
  .site-header nav a { font-size: 0.7rem; }
  .site-header[data-menu-ready] .menu-toggle { display: block; }
  .site-header[data-menu-ready] nav:not([data-open]) { display: none; }
  main { padding-block: 2.25rem 3rem; }
  .home-hero { padding-block: 2.25rem 0; }
  .home-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 10vw, 2.9rem); letter-spacing: -0.045em; }
  .home-hero__positioning { font-size: 0.95rem; margin-top: 1.25rem; }
  .eyebrow { font-size: 0.65rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
  .home-actions { gap: 1.25rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
  .action-link { font-size: 0.68rem; gap: 0.65rem; }
  .signal-surface + .signal-surface { margin-top: 2rem; }
  .section-heading { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
  .section-heading h2, .section-heading a, .section-heading p { font-size: 0.65rem; }
  .featured-writing { display: block; padding-top: 0; }
  .publication-meta { font-size: 0.65rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
  .publication-meta time { display: inline; margin-left: 0.5rem; }
  .featured-writing h3 { font-size: 2rem; }
  .featured-writing h3 + p { font-size: 0.95rem; }
  .publication-row { display: block; }
  .direction-grid { display: block; }
  .direction-grid article, .direction-grid article:first-child { border-left: 0; padding: 1.25rem 0; }
  .home-invitation, .research-program, .lab-direction { display: block; }
  .home-invitation h2, .research-program h2, .lab-direction h2 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
  .contact-groups { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .site-footer { display: block; }
  .site-footer > * + * { margin-top: 1rem; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; }
}
@media print {
  :root { --field: #fff; --ink: #000; --muted: #444; --accent: #222; }
  .site-header, .site-footer, .skip-link, .essay-index, .essay-back, .essay-end { display: none; }
  main { width: 100%; min-height: 0; padding: 0; }
  .essay-reader { display: block; }
  .essay-reader__article { overflow: visible; }
  .essay-reader__article h1 { font-size: 28pt; }
  .essay-reader__article [itemprop="articleBody"] { font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.6; }
  h1, h2, h3 { break-after: avoid; }
  p { orphans: 3; widows: 3; }
  .essay-reader__article pre { white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
}